Swansea Astronomical Society Blog
Tuesday, April 28, 2026
The Cocoon Galaxy NGC 4490
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The Cocoon Galaxy NGC 4490 is a barred spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici. This is an LRGBHa image containing 10hrs of data.
John Evans
86.1% waxing Moon
Click on the image to get a closer view. 86.1% waxing Moon, A Seestar S50 was used to capture a 6 min RAW AVI. PlanetarySystemStacker was used to debayer and stack the best 50% of the frames in the AVI with 1.5 drizzle, as well as to part process the stacked image which was completed in Gimp3.
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86.1% waxing Moon
Steve Wainwright and Nicola Mackin
Supernova in NGC5907
At Fairwood tonight I captured NGC5907 (Splinter Galaxy) which has recently had a supernova! Thanks to Chris Bowden for the tip off!
Monday, April 27, 2026
Using Luminosity Masks to Edit and Improve Astronomical Images
Luminosity Masks are available in Photoshop and Gimp. They are a tool I have used in Landscape Photography processing many times. I have been looking for an astronomy object image where they can be useful and with the Iris Nebula I may have found a candidate.
What are Luminosity Masks?
As the name suggests a luminosity mask is one based on the luminosity i.e brightness of pixels in an image. While masks generally are for selecting an object or the sky, luminosity masks only select brightness values. This can be useful when an image has a range of tones where detail is lost in the shadows or highlights are too bright. Selections are made in the Channels menu of the layers panel and converted to masks that can be used in the layers panels as masks.
(I have included a link below to a Photoshop Cafe video that describes how to generate and use the masks)
The luminosity masks are generated to separate the White areas, light areas, mid tones, shadows and blacks. This enables different parts of the image to be developed using adjustment layers, without affecting the other areas of the image.
An example of luminosity masking is shown below: Each of the channels masks a particular luminosity level within the image.
The image below shows the areas masked (in red) by the “Lights” luminosity channel. The mask selects the lights and masks anything darker.
NGC7023 The Iris Nebula
The Iris Nebula is located in Cephus around 1300 light years from earth. It is a bright reflection nebula lit by a magnitude +7.4 star designated HD200775. The nebula is surrounded by a region of H2 that is irradiated and glows red.
The nebula is imaged in RGB in order to accentuate the blue reflection component. This is bright and the central star also adds to the overall brightness of the central portion of the nebula.
The detail in the central area can be lost by being “blown out” by the brightness of the central star.
RGB Image Processed in Pixinsight
Below is a starless image processed in Pixinsight and stretched using the MAS (Multiscale Adaptive Stretch), as this produces the best dynamic range. The image is processed from six hours of data. Two hours each of Red, Green and Blue.
The image is a good representation of this nebula. However, as a photograph to be displayed it can be improved in the following ways:
• The image is a little flat and needs more contrast.
• The outer regions of H2 can be enhanced to be more prominent.
• The centre portion of the reflection nebula can be enhanced to bring out more detail.
• The image needs more “punch” and this can be achieved with an overall contrast difference between the various bright and dark areas.
• Saturation boost to the H2 red regions.
The image enhancements are made by creating adjustment layers from the various luminosity mask channels. Below is an extract from the Layers Panel in PS showing that four of the channels have been used. The adjustments were made using the levels tools. However, any adjustment available can be made using the luminosity masks.
In addition global adjustments were made to Hue/Saturation and Colour Balance.
The final image is shown below:
I am satisfied that I have achieved my initial goals. The image shows better overall contrast, the H2 regions have more prominence, and the centre region has better detail. The delicate structures in the centre are clearer without being overly sharpened.
This can be a difficult object to image due to the brightness of the star that generates the reflection nebula. With careful processing the full beauty can be brought out.
Centre Portion Detail.
Image captured over two nights in April 2026 from my backyard in Pembroke.
Scope: APM152/1200 f8; Camera ASI183MM; Baader CMOS R:G:B Filters; EQ6r-Pro Mount
Link to video: Insane CONTROL, luminosity masks in Photoshop
The Sun in white light
A Seestar S50 fitted with a Baader solar filter was used to capture a 6 min (4133 frames) RAW AVI. PlanetarySystemStacker was used to debayer and stack the best 50% of the frames in the AVI with 1.5 drizzle (as the S50 is slightly undersampled), as well as to part process the stacked image which was completed in Gimp3.
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The Sun in White light
Steve Wainwright and Nicola Mackin
Sunday, April 26, 2026
Recent Seestar S50 results
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58.5% Moon
Best 50% of frames in a 5 min RAW AVI stacked in Autostakkert!4, wavelet sharpened in waveSharp and finished in Gimp3
HR diagram of the M5 data generated with the Cosmic photons in PI
Steve Wainwright and Nicola Mackin
M13
Image of M13 captured with the Dwarf mini in EQ mode at 60s exposure 95 images were stacked. The stacked image was processed in Stellar studio.
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M13
Chris Playle
The Leo triplet
Combination of 1h of 5 min exposures through an IR/UV cut filter and 1h of 5 min exposures through a quadband filter of the Leo triplet. Captured with AstroDMx Capture running on a Macbook neo, through an Askar 71F apo quadruplet astrograph refractor and an SV405C OSC camera. The data were stacked in PixInsight and further processed in GraXpert, SASPro, Picture Window Pro and Gimp3. The image was cropped to the Triplet.
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The Leo triplet
Steve Wainwright and Nicola Mackin
M63
M63, the Sunflower galaxy, imaged over 3 nights last week. 66 x 2 minute luminance and 22 x 2 minute exposures for red, green and blue. I used my Starlight Xpress 694 mono ccd camera, binned 2x2, with the 6 inch Ritchey Chretien on my new Cem70 mount. I used 2 minute subs because my guide camera was playing up! I followed Paul Howat's suggestion about running the subs through BlurXterminator on the correct setting using an image container and creating a process icon to run BlurX, it appears to have worked well. I then used WBPP to stack all the images together with calibration frames. I'm very pleased the final image turned out so well, I've never seen that extra ring around the Sunflower.
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M63
Anne Startup
NGC 7000
NGC 7000 the North America Nebula and the Pelican Nebula. Captured with a Dwarf Mini in EQ mode at 90s exposure. 41 images were stacked. Processed in Stellar Studio and Star Net ++ and finished in Gimp 2.10.
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NGC 7000
Chris Playle
Deeps sky and Solar imaging
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A lonely Lyrid: During the night of the peak of the annual Lyrid meteor shower, I set up my Sony ZV-E10 camera on a fixed tripod to take some time lapse images in the hope if getting a lucky image. As usual, despite taking many hundreds of images I had but one meteor amidst the many hundreds of satellite trails.
IC4592 the Blue Horse nebula: With a couple of more clear nights I was able to add more RGB data to this target that never rises very far in our skies. This is a 2 hour 50 minute composition taken with my 80 mm triplet refractor.
The Sun in Ha light: Using a Player One Apollo-M Mini camera with a Lunt LS50F Hydrogen-Alpha Front-Mounted Etalon System B600 on a WO refractor I captured an SER of the Sun using real time flat field adjustment in Astro DMx Capture. Some 50% of a 1049 frame SER were stacked in Autostakkert!4, wavelet processed in Registax and further processed in Pixinsight using Solar Toolbox. Final adjustments were done in Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop 2026. The montage shows the imaging setup, with a cloak used to shield the light off the laptop taking data.
Chris Bowden
M109
M109 and friends 23/24-4-26 (combined data from both nights): 4.5 hrs total integration of LRGB/Ha data taken over two nights with a Sky Watcher Esprit 80 fitted with a field flattener using an ASI 533MM Pro camera and mono EFW. This galaxy laden area of Ursa Major east of the star Phecda is a sight to behold, with two prominent barred spiral galaxies; M109 some 67 M LY away and NGC3953 around 59 MLY dominating the field with many others nearby.
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Chris Bowden
First light with a tiny scope
First light with a tiny scope: Smart scopes have been getting smaller and smaller and when I saw such great results from images taken with the Dwarf Mini weighing in at just 840 grams and being so reasonably priced, I couldn't resist getting one! As soon as it arrived I was fortunate to have a couple of clear nights to try it out and found it incredibly easy to use. With the moon a few days old, that was the first logical place to start, so I set up on a tripod in Alt/Az mode and in no time at all had found the target in the wide field camera and then aligned it to the tele lens, focused it and began taking data. In a very short time I had a very respectable stacked image of the moon comprising 20 subs, so I then progressed to the Leo triplet which the scope found effortlessly from its sky catalogue. I took 15s subs over a half an hour or so using my phone to watch the image gradually take on more definition as more and more subs were stacked. Due to sky rotation in Alt/Az mode causing loss of data at the edges, I then set up in EQ made using an MSM wedge to align roughly on the pole. The Dwarf Mini then guided me through more precise alignment, until it was good enough for longer subs, so I progressed to 30, 60 and then 90s subs imaging several targets. I also tried out the ND solar filter for solar imaging the next day and experimented with "Stellar Studio" - Dwarf's onboard editor on the Markarian chain which produced a quick and appealing result. For somewhat better results I was able to stack the Fits data saved to the device and used conventional stacking and processing software like Autostakkert!4 for the Moon and Pixinsight for deep sky objects to get improved results. The wide field is particularly appealing for larger nebulae and it will come into its own for taking abroad for objects I am unable to get from the UK. A cracking little scope that really delivers, that will be a boon for astro travels!
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Chris Bowden
Friday, April 24, 2026
M3
M3 Globular star cluster taken with a Dwarf Mini in EQ mode. 60s exposures. 108 images were stacked. Processing in Stellar Studio, and Gimp 2.10.
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M3
Chris Playle
Deep sky sketches
Thursday, April 23, 2026
The Whale and Hockeystick galaxies
The Whale Galaxy and the Hockeystick Galaxy were captured with a Dwarf mini in EQ mode at 90s exposure. 70 images were stacked. Processing in Stellar Studio and Gimp 2.10.
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The Whale and Hockeystick galaxies
Chris Playle
Wednesday, April 22, 2026
Processing Dwarf mini data
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Processing Dwarf mini data. Stacking subs and part processing in PixInsight, further processing in SASPro and Gimp3. Wide-field Leo constellation, M101 and M51 galaxies and C50 in the Rosette nebula with the main scope.
C50 in the Rosette nebula
Steve Wainwright
M101 and the Leo Triplet
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M101 (the Pinwheel galaxy): On the night of the 21st April I took 3 hours of 5 minute subs on this magnificent galaxy which lies in the constellation of Ursa Major (the Plough) being some 21 million light years away and is bigger than our own galaxy by 65%; having a trillion stars in it, with a diameter some 252,000 miles. Many active HII regions can be seen in Ha and red wavelengths, where stars are being born. The LRGB/Ha composition was made with two telescopes with an ASI 533MM Pro camera, with 6 hours using a Sky Watcher Esprit 80 ED triplet refractor fitted with a field flattener and 2 hours with an Altair 60EDF doublet refractor fitted with a 0.8 x focal reducer (total integration time 8 hours). LRGB data comprised separate 60.00s, 120.00s, 240.00s and 300.00s exposures, with Ha 120.00s, 240.00s and 300.00s. RGB total exposures were 1.5 hours each, luminance 1.75 hours and Ha 1.25 hours. Data were integrated in Pixinsight and completed in Adobe Lightroom/Photoshop, with x2 upscaling done using Firefly.
The Leo triplet of galaxies: On the night of the 21st April I took 3 hours of 5 minute LRGB/Ha subs of this galaxy trio which I integrated with previous four and two minute exposure subs data to give a total exposure time of 6 hours, with 1.5 hours luminance, red and green, 1 hour blue, and 0.5 hours of hydrogen alpha data.Data were acquired in NINA using an ASI 533MM Pro camera attached to a Sky Watcher Esprit 80 ED triplet refractor fitted with a field flattener. Integration and processing were carried out in Pixinsight, with final adjustments made in Adobe Lightroom. The Leo triplet comprise M65, M66 and NGC 3628 (also known as the "Hamburger galaxy" and lie at an average distance of 34 million light years.
Chris Bowden
The Moon, Jupiter and deep sky
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Moon and Jupiter with some of its moons: During the start of my imaging session I slewed the scope to the Moon and Jupiter for some brief views and focusing adjustments. The montage shows a single sub of 0.5s for the Moon and 0.05s for Jupiter
M95/M96/M105: I shot just under two hours of LRGB/Ha data of this appealing group of galaxies in Leo which are 33, 31 and 37 million light years distant respectively. I submitted the image through Astrometry.net to annotate the objects names.
M13: 1 hour and 40 minutes of LRGB/Ha, data was combined with a similar amount of data taken last year, giving a total of 3.25 hours integration. The peculiar dark "propeller" feature was able to be resolved centrally through careful processing.
IC4592: This reflection nebula in Scorpio is known as the "Blue Horsehead nebula" being reflected by the light of the star nu Scorpio named "Jabbah". The object is very low in our skies, so I only managed 1.5 hours of LRGB data which required extending the session into nautical twilight, unfortunately also capturing several satellite trails which are becoming more of problem now that over 10,000 Starlink satellites are now in Earth orbit. Much more data will be needed to further define this object.
Chris Bowden
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